Pēnei Fiber optic Ngā Taura Whiriwhiri Raraunga
Te Whakaaetanga Pūngao Mōwaho Whakamārama
Ka whakamahi ngā taura rorohiko whakamahara i ngā papa kiko o te marama hei whiriwhiri i ngā raraunga, me te hokinga kotahi ake i te ara whakawhiti i te pai o ngā taura parū tahuri. Ko te take nui e whai ake nei ko te tuarua matapaki (TIR), e kitea ana ki roto i te core o te rorohiko. Ka tiakina tēnei kaupapa i te mate o te pūnaha, ā, ka whakamanahia te whanaketanga waihanga, me te whakanui i te whakaaro nui i te tataki "rorohiko whakamahara vs taura". Ko te paihere o tēnei hangarau he mea nui mō te whakarite i ngā hononga ki uta ki tai rere rahi, me te whakatūpato i ngā whakawhiti raraunga ki runga i ngā tūmomo nui.
Te Core me te Cladding: Te Puta Kōrero mō te Tiakina Pūnaha
He tākaro mōhiti ōrākei te tūtohi ki ngā take e rua: te kōpū me te whakaputu. Ko te kōpū, i hangaia i te kākano riro rānei ko te pāoro, ka noho he ara mō te whakawhiti mōhio, ā, ko te whakaputu ka whakahoki i te mōhio ki roto i te kōpū. Ka tiaki tēnei whakaaturanga i ngā tohu hei whai i te hauropi i runga i ngā wā e hirahira ana, nō reira he mea nui kē ki te whiriwhiringa i ngā momo tākaro mōhiti ōrākei mō te rāngai tuhinga. Ko te rerekētanga i ngā paetahi kawe mōhio i waenganui i te kōpū me te whakaputu he mea nui kē mō te whakangungu pai o te mōhio, ā, ka whakamana i te tiaki tohu pai i runga i ngā uiuinga roa.
Whakawhiti Tino-Ranea vs. Whakawhiti Nuinga
Fiber optic te hunga whakamahere e rima ana i ngā tuhinga ā-wāhanga, nō te mutunga he tuku atu anake me te tuku maha. Hei tirohanga mo ngā pūtahi iti, hei whakangungu mō ngā kōrero roa me te waea hiruhiru me te heitūnga āhua o ngā pūnaha here, ka noho ake he tūtohu pai mō te whakapakari pūkoro. Nā te mea nei, ko ngā pūtahi maha e whai ana i te puhipuhi nui e tautoko ana i ngā ara maha o te marama, mea nui ake he pai ki ngā tawāhi iti pērā i ngā tūmomo rīpoata (LANs). Ki te whai ake ngā pūtahi anake i te pai mō ngā tawāhi roa, ka noho ngā pūtahi maha hei whakarite āhuatanga. Rongoā mō ngā tūmomo kaore i te whai i ngā tawāhi roa, e whakaatu ana i ngā momo matua i roto i te kōrero "pūtahi here marama".
Ngā Momotu Pūtahi Here Marama me ō Rātou Whakamahi
Pūtahi Anake mō te Ipurangi Roa
Hei whakahaere mō ngā pūtango tuatahi, kia taea te whakamana i te raraunga taumaha ki runga i ngā whenua roa, nā tēnei e hanga ana i a rātou he papaakainga mō ngā rīpoata ā-momo whakapā mai o nehe. Nō reira, he pai ngā pūtango nei hei whakawhiti i ngā raraunga mō ngā wāhi iti i te 100 kiromita (hei tauira, he 62 mail) ki te kore e hiahia ana ki ngā whakatāwhiti me te itinga iti o te pūrongo. Ko ngā kaipūnaha whakapā mai matua e whakamahi ana i ngā tākaro tuatahi hei whakamana i ngā hononga whiwhe rite me te pai. He mea nui tēnei, ēngari i ngā momo kāhua pūtaiao ā-tau faiheretanga i hangaia hei whakamana i te whakauru pai.
Pūtango Tuatoru i roto i ngā Tuaropaki Whenua
Ko te mīhini whai wā katoa e whakamahi ana i ngā tuara ā-wheako i roto i ngā tuhinga ētita, nō reira tōna pūtake hei whakamahere mō ngā whakahē hōhonu iti, tipu ki ngā 2 peka (mea atu 1.2 mail). Nō reira ngā mīhini nei he pai mō ngā puhipuhi rānei, whakarite ana i ngā ratonga rara moana me te pai o te moni mō ngā take ā-rohe. E whakaute ana te mīhini whai wā i tōna tino waimarie ki te tūpato mai, me te pai o te moni, inaianei i roto i ngā taiao LAN (Local Area Network). Ki te whānui atu ki ōna kaipūtahi waekawa, he iti ake ngā tikanga tūpato mō te mīhini whai wā, nā tērā ka noho popoular tonu hei whakamahere i te nekeneke hōhonu iti i hiahia ai.
Ngā Tāwari Pūtaiao mō ngā Taiao Whakamauā
He wā kei te hanga i ētahi rauemi pūnaha matihiko hei whakamana i ngā taiao kē, me ngā rākau whakarongo tata ki te mōhio i ngā take o te timatanga. He mea nui te whakaaro i ngā take taiao o ngā wāhi timatanga hei whai wāhi i te hītori tūpato me te tiaki i te whakaputahitanga moe roa. Ko tēnei ka whakaaetia ngā rauemi tūmatawhāiti hei here mo ngā wāhi e kore ai ngā ratonga pūnaha matihiko tūmatanui ki te whakatū pono i ngā here whakaaetanga.
Pūnaha Matihiko Rākau Whakarongo vs. Rākau Tāngure
Totoro me te Wāhanga Whakarongo Whakarite
Kei ngā whiuwhiu o te rorohiko te mōhiohanga mō tana kaiwheako hirere, e āheinga ana i te 1 Gbps, e pānui ana i te whakapūmautanga o ngā whiuwhiu parāoa e kore ana i te whakamātau i te 100 Mbps, ā he mea nui noa iho i ngā wā e pai ana. Ko tenei kaiwheako matua kei runga i te whiuwhiu rorohiko ka whakaaweawe i a ia hei mea iti noa iho ki ngā tono o te ao nei, pēnei i te whakamahi, te tāporo mō te kōkiri, me te whakawhiti kōrero. Mō ngā pakihi, me ngā tangata e hiahia ana ki te whakamahi i te rorohiko hirere pai rawa, ko te rorohiko whiuwhiu vs parāoa he pūtake matua, e whakatupu ana i te rorohiko whiuwhiu hei whakangungu i ngā whakangungu rorohiko. Ki te āhei tēnei, kaore te whiuwhiu i te mea iti noa iho, engari ka nui ake te hiahia hei whakarite i ngā mahi matua o te ao digita.
Ngā Whakaaetanga o te Wā Ora i te Whakamahi
Te kahoreatanga, te whakamutunga i te whiriwhiringa raraunga, he tūmomo hoki i te pai ake nei o te raetitaha ki runga i ngā tākaro ā-pūnui hei whakatau atu i ngā tākaro pūnui e ai ki te whakamātau. E toru ana te itinga o ngā waehere kahoreatanga e paihere ana i te raetitaha i runga i ngā tākaro ā-pūnui. Ko tēnei e whakaheke i te wharangi, me te whakapai i te raetitaha mō ngā tūtohu wāhanga e hiahiatia ana he mea nui, pērā i te kīreia tuhinga me te whakawhiti kōrero, kei reira te mahi tika. Ka whakaatu ngā rangahau inatihi ko te pai ake o ngā whakamahi raetitaha i runga i ngā mahi e hiahiatia ana he mea nui te whitiwhiti raraunga me te itinga o ngā waehere kahoreatanga, whakamana i te ingoa pai a te raetitaha hei whakamana i ngā hiahia raetitaha.
He Aha i Whakangungu ai te Raetitaha i runga i te Pūnaha Huarahi Ā-Mōhiti
Te whakapāhoi i te ipurangi rerehiko tae atu ki te kable he kaupapa e pā ana ki ngā take o te wā, nā te mea ko ngā rerehiko hikoi e whai mana tonu ana i runga i te whaipārahi moana nei, inaianei, nā runga i te pai ake ake o ō rātou haerehere, te toitū me te pai rawa hoki o te whirihora. Ki te hurihia e ngā kaiwhakahaere ā-pūnaha ki ngā whiuwhiu hikoi, ka tīmata ngā wāhi kua herehere i mua ki te whakamahi i te ipurangi haerehere. Mō ērā e hiahia ana ki te whakatū mahi i ngā whakaaetanga i te tahora, ko ngā momo rerehiko hikoi te matatika pai rawa, e whakaaro noa ana te ao i a ia hei ture matua mō ngā whakaritenga ipurangi haerehere.
Te Mahi a te Rerehiko i roto i te Whakatūnga Ipurangi
Ngā Tuaropari Rua: Te Pikinga o te Hononga
Ko ngā tuaropari rua he hunga nui i roto i ngā whakatūnga ipurangi, kei reira hei kawe i te raru i waenganui i ngā rāhui whenua me te pikinga nui o te ipurangi. Me te nuinga o ngā rāhui nei ka whakamahia te hunga rerehiko nō tōna hiranga me te whatunga nui ake i raro i ngā tākura kōpana o te ao whānui. Te whakamahi i ngā tākura pūmau i roto i ngā rīpoata tuatahi ka tohe i te wātea, e hāngai ana ki te tautoko i ngā tono rara rara data pērā i te whakaatu pūoro me te pūnaha kohinga. Āhua atu, kei te nui ake ngā mahi a te kāwanatanga ki te whakawhanake i ēnei hononga tuatahi hei whakarite i te huarahi whaea mō ngā wāhi noho whenua kore whakatutuki, ā, ka mahi hei whakamutu i te whareherehere matihiko.
Ngā Whakaeke Pūmau Tuatahi Mō ngā Kāinga
Kei te whakawai ngā rīpoata pūmau tuatahi i te haere mai o te koneta whanetia ki te tuku i ngā hononga ki ngā kāinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi. Ka takahi i ngā pūtake mate kitea ai i runga i ngā tākura kōpane, ka whakapai ngā rongoā me ngā raumati whanetia, e hāngai ana ki te mahi ona nei, te mātauranga anōmītia, me ngā hiahia whakaaturanga. FTTH (muka ki te kainga) kua pērā ko te whakatū i ngā kōwhiringa ka piki, nā te hīrahi mō te tono mo te rongoā tūpono me te waehu ki uta. Nā ngā huringa i roto i te hunga matauranga ka puta ēnei kōwhiringa hei whai take iti ake me te wāhanga noa atu, e mahi ana heoi i te whakapae mō ngā wā e toru. Ki te iti ake ngā utu whakatū, ka whai ake te wāhanga me te paihere o ngā whakamahi rorohiko whakamutunga hei take.
Nga Kaupapa O Te Ao Whānui Kia Whai Take
Kei te whakahaere pūkenga ngā taiao katoa i ngā kaupapa pīrangi hei whakapai i te hononga, ā, hei kotahi i te waehanga matihiko, e mahi ana i runga i ngā tūtohu nui i roto i ngā wāhi pērā i te Rānana me te Uropi. Kaore ngā kaupapa nei i te whai noa ki ngā wāhi pahekoheko; he mea nui anō te whakaaro ki te whakatū mai i ngā ratonga mo ngā wāhi iti me ngā wāhi noho whenua, i te mea he iti noa iho tonu ō rātou wāhanga hoko i te rongoā matihiko. Ki te whakapai i te hononga mō ēnei kaupapa, ka kitea he whaiherehere tata ki te whakapai o te oranga ā-hapori me ngā tūtohu akoranga, e whakaatu ana i te nui o te noho ake o ngā kaupapa pīrangi matihiko o te ao. I te whakamua tonu o ēnei kaupapa, ka noho whakatutuki te hunga whakangungu ki te whakamahere i ngā whakapiki hauora ā-hapori me ngā whakapiki ā-motu mō ngā wāhi kua herehere.
Muri i ngā Raraunga: Ngā Whakamahi Pūmau o ngā Pīrangi
Ngā Ratonga Tirohanga mo ngā Ruwhenua me ngā Taumata
He mea nui noa ngā whakamatau pūnaha ika rānei mō ngā huringa whenua me ngā taomai. Inā rā ka tirohia ngā whiu me ngā kuhu o ngā wāhi i te wā real-time, ā, ka tuku hei raraunga matihiko nui i te wā o ngā mate whenua. He mea nui tēnei hangarau, hei tau ki enei whenua e iti ana ngā haerenga ki ngā whare tirotiro huringa whenua matua. Ko te U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) me ngā whare wānanga pērā i te ETH Zurich ka whakamahi pai i ngā pūnaha ika rānei mo ēnei tono, nā reira ka tuku rātou he tūtohu tino tika, kāore i te hiahia ki ngā whakahaere nui. Ka whakamahi tēnei whakaaetanga i ngā rīpoata ika rānei e pa ai, ā, ka whakaatu he ara taea ētahi atu whenua pērā i te Reweti Tiriti i te wā e takohia ana e rātau ngā rīpoata ika rānei.
Whakapuaki Bioloji mai i te Ao Koiwi
Te whakamātau i ngā momo moana matihiko i te mātauranga o te ao i roto i ngā tirohanga hīrau ki te whakapai i te whanonga matihiko o ngā pūtahi ā-moe. Ko tēnei tirohanga ka whakaaro nui ki te hanga i ngā kaiwhakaatu bio he mea whakamahi i ngā pūtahi ā-moe hei tirohanga i ngā hurihuri taiao, e āheinga ana ki te whakarerekē i ngā oneone moana. Kua tohu ngā rangahaua nei ko ēnei whakapai e āhei ana ki te whakahou i tō tātou mana ki te tirotiro i ngā wāhi i raro i te wai, ka whakawhanake noatia te whiu o te tirotiro me te tiaki i te taiao. Ka taea e tēnei tirohanga ki te whakamahere i ngā pūtahi ā-moe ki ngā whakamahi hou atu i waho i ngā huarahi whakapā mahi tika, i whakapai ai i ngā whakatere a te taiao.
Pūtahi Matihiko i roto i te Haumaru Mahi
Kei te whiwhi ake ngā hokohoko rama i ngā whakamahi hou hei whakatipu i te haumaru nohonga pāmu mā te tirohia te mata o ngā whare, ngā paerangi me ngā pūtahi wai. Ko ēnei hokohoko e whakarite ana i ngā raraunga hangaanga ki roto i ngā mahere whakahaere whakangungu, nō reira ka taea te whakamutu i ngā taumata wehe. Nā runga i ō rātou pūkenga ki te kite i ngā tohu tuawhiti o te rerekētanga hanga, ko ēnei hokohoko e kīia ana he whakahono mōhio ki waenganui i ngā rautaki hanga me ngā tūmomo haumaru. Ki te whai hua ngā pāmu i ngā whakatupuranga haumaru, ka whai ake tonu te whakamahere hokohoko rama, whakatūkiia nei hei wāhanga matua ki te whakahaere me te tirotiro i te hauora hanga.