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Whakatau: Te Mahatonga o te Tautāwhi i ngā Tupurangi Hapa ki ngā Rāhi Kāpia Māori
Ko te whēako nui ake ki te hunga here kaiwhāngaro i te pūnaha matataki me te tuku raraunga, kua whakaī ngā mahi tautāwhi i ngā tupurangi hapa ki ngā rāhi kāpia māori hei tino mahatonga. Nā ngā tākiri kāpia māori te manawa o ngā rānga tuku raraunga haere tonu o tenei rā, me te whakawhanake ake rātau whakamahi mō ngā whenua katoa nā runga i ō rātau nui rawa me te nui o te wāhanga raraunga. Heoi, ko tētahi hapa nui noa ki enei rāhi e āhei ana kia whakarerekētia ngā mahi hangarau me te heke o te pūnaha, ka tahuri mai ki te hokihoki moni anō hoki ki te whakapono o ngā take. Ko te tautohu tika o ngā hapa hei tino iti i te waewae me te utu whakatika, kia taea ai e tātau te whakarite i ngā hokihoki ki te tirotiro haere. Kia whakamahia ngā momo tukanga, pērā i te tāwāhi tākiri kāpia māori me te whakahaere tika o ngā tākiri, ka taea ai te whakamahana o enei pūnaha.
Tiro Matihiko: Tiro mo ngā Tohu Koreka o te Hapa Tinana
Te mahi aro whakamataku he mea nui tērā kia tuwhera i ngā take e taea te kite i ngā rāhinga pūrere hikoi. Ko tēnei ka tirohia ngā rāhinga mō ngā tohu matua o te mate pātahi, ātaahua, rānei ko ngā kiriata. Ka taea te kino o ēnei āhuatanga matua ki te hīnaki herehere o te rāhinga ki te whakawāhi taupākī.
Me te whakamahi i ngā momo tirohanga tika pērā i ngā pūpū whakapau me ngā pūrere māharahara ātaahua ka tino whakatipu te mohiotanga mā te kai tirotiro ki te kite i ngā mate itiiti i te wā tonu. He mea nui tēnei tirohanga ki te upoko, nā te mea ko ngā mate iti anō e taea te whakaheke ki ngā tahunga nui o te rīpoata. Kāore he tūtohu hei whakatau, engari e ai ki ngā tirohanga, kei te tino nui ngā mate o ngā rāhinga pūrere hikoi e kitea ana i te tirohanga matua anake, e whiwhi ana i te 30%. Kei te whakapuhaina te nuinga o ngā rautaki whakahaere ki te kitea i te mate matua ki te ara e kitea ai ngā take nui o te rīpoata.
Nga taumata o te Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR): Mehea OTDR ka mahi ki te tautari hekenga
Ko te Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) he utaha matua mo nga kaiarahi e mahi ana i te whakamatau, te whakatika hapa me te whakarere i nga hapa o te urunga raeahu. Ka mahi te OTDR na te hoona o te maha ki te urunga raeahu, a ka mea ko te maha e hoki mai nei. Koa te maha e hoki mai nei ka whakawehewehetia kia puta ai tetahi whakaatu ahua o te urunga, me te whakaaeaea kia kitea ai nga taupokanga o nga hekenga, nga tahapau, ko nga tuhuroa me te mauhere pai. Ko te raraunga kua herea hei awhina ki te hanga i te matauranga me te mahi o te urunga raeahu.
He pai tēnei ngā OTDR ki ngā wā e pā ana ki ngā kāble o raro i te whenua nui, ko ngā tūmomo herehere whaimana hoki, kei reira te whakamahere mahere mō te tiro whakamuri i ngā hapa. Ko tō rātou whakamahi he nui rawa ki te whakahaere i ngā herehere uruao nui, pērā i ēnei e whakamahi ai ki ngā tuhinga whakahīnaki me ngā marae matatika. Ko te āhua o te OTDR ki te tuku aro whakaaturanga nui ki runga i ngā whenua nui hei whakawhanake i te hunga whakahaere i ngā hapa i roto i ngā tūranga kāble uruao. Hei tauira, ka taea e te kaiherehere uruao meko tonu te whakatika i ngā hapa o te uruao meko, whakapai i te tino herehere me te whanaketanga.
Te whakamātau i ngā tūtohu ā-heke me ngā tikanga matua mō te whakamahi i te OTDR e arotake ana i ngā tahanga pātata me te whakamātau i ngā raraunga. Ngarotia ngā tukanga nui hei whakahaere i te wāhanga tika, ko te whakoari ā-whatu hou ki ngā momo hangarau hou ka whakatipu i te pai. Kei te tautoko i ēnei mahi ngā tohutohu mai i ngā kāwai mea te Rōpū Tātaki Pūnaha Matihiko, kei reira whakapuhumai i te tika o ngā mahi hei whakaweka i te hē o te whakamātau i ngā raraunga. Ki te whakamahi i ngā take o te OTDR, ka taea e ngā tohunga te whakatika i te whakahaere pūnaha matihiko, me te whakangungu ki ngā hapa tūmomo ki te tūranga rīta.
Te Whakamātau Whakatupu: Te Whakamahi i te Mete Pouaka hei Whakakikino i te Hekenga Pouaka
Ko te whakamātau whakatupu he mea nui tēnei ki te aroright i ngā tahataha pouaka matihiko ki roto i ngā rāngai pūnaha matihiko. E hāngai ana ki te whakamātau ki te whekohia ai te whakawiwini o te ao māroaro ki runga i te pūnaha matihiko. He mea nui tēnei kia kitea ai ko kare e pā nei i te pūnaha e āheinga ai ki te whakawaha i te whiriwhiringa pouaka me te whakatutuki hoki ki te whanonga matua o te rīta.
Ki te whakamahi i te tāhuhu hiko hei whakamataki i te mea kahore e taea te āki o te mārama ki te mutunga o te tātai, ka whakamataki anō te tāhuhu hiko i te raru o te pūmanawa, nā reira e tohu ana ngā pāharakeke e noho ai, pērā mai i ngā herehere i roto i te tātai. Ko tēnei mahere he mea nui rawa ki te whakatau i te matawhaki o te hononga mārama ki te wa ka whakauruhia.
Ko ngā paearuhe ahumahi kei te whakaatu i ngā taupaepae mō te raru kahore e pai ana, e rere ana ki te momo tūmatanui o te whakauru mārama. Hei tauira, ko ngā whenowhero tuawhiti e taea ana te raru pūmanawa o tētahi 0.3 dB per kilometre, nō reira me ngā whenowhero tuawhiti e taea ana ngā raru ake ake. Nā ēnei taupaepae e tino nui ana ki te whakatika i ngā mahi pai o ngā raraunga mārama, ā-moe atu ki ngā tonohu e whai ake nei i ngā whakahaere tātai mārama matua me ngā whakauru.
Ngā Tāngitai Whakamataki Mārama: Ngā Tāngitai Matua mo te Whakamataki Pāharakeke
I rohe o te whakauru pūtahi o ngā tākutunga rorohiko me te tirotironga, e kawe ana ngā momo whakamātau i te rite hōtaka ki te whakangungu i te whiwhinga matua o te rorohiko. He taumata nui ngā momo whakamātau āhuarangi pērā i ngā tohu rorohiko me ngā mikroskopiana hei kite i ngā hapa e taea te whakapakaru i te mana o te hōtaka.
Te Whakamahere i ngā Tohu Rorohiko mo te Whakakikanga Ake
He mea whakatenatena ngā tirohanga rorohiko mō te tiro whakaaro i ngā hokipū rorohiko ā-waha me ngā tītika, whakawhiwhi i tētahi whakaatu ake nui ake i ngā momo hangarau tawhito. Tae noa ki ngā kāmera o nui whakapikonga me ngā mātauranga mārama matangaro, e taea ana e ngā toihautū kia mōhio ki ngā hapa e kore ana e kitea e te kanohi matatau. Ki te tauira, kua kitea e ngā tirohanga rorohiko i ngā pāhorohoro itiiti i runga i ngā hokipū e kore rawa ngā tirohanga katoa matua i kitea, me te whakahē ki ngā he mo te whakamutunga raraunga. Ki te whakamahi i tēnei hangarau, ka taea e ngā toihautū kia mahitahia ngā tītika rorohiko, kia kore ai e mototōhu ngā hapa itiiti, kei whea e taka atu ana ki ngā tahuhu whakawhitinga.
Whakamahia ngā mikroskōpia hei Tiro Matatau Nui ake i te Rorohiko
Nā ngā mikroskōpa tē tuhia atu he rārangi whakamātaki mō te tiro ātaata i ngā huka, ko tēnei e taea ai te whakamātau nui i ngā aho o ngā huka, ngā konekeita, me ngā whakapiri. He rite nui ngā momo katoa, pērā mai i ngā mikroskōpa matihiko me ngā pikitūhua, ka tuku atu ia ki ngā āhuatanga kē hei whakaaturanga o te whakapahua me te whakaahuatanga tiro tawhiti. Kua whakaatu ngā taunakitanga ko te tiro mikroskōpika e kite ana sēnā āhua o te urutāe me te whakawehewehe kāore i kitea i te tiro ā-whatu. Ko tēnei whakamātau nui kei te whakamana i ngā paerewa matua o te whakahaere huka optikikā, e tirotiro ana ki te whakatōrite o te rīpoata.
Ngā Hekenga Tautū me ngā Tohutohu: Te Whakamātau i ngā Panga, ngā Whitinga, me te Wai Kitea
Ko te whakamātau tika o ngā pāharahara huka optikikā he tino hihiko kia mau ai te whanunga pai o te rīpoata.Ngā Tohutohu o ngā Panga Huka Optikikāko te whānui e kawe ana te mate o te pūrongo me te whānuitanga matua ki te tātai, pērā i ngā tahutahu rānei ko ngā wharawhara. Nā te mate mēkanika rānei ko ngā hā o te ao tuatahi me te wehenga o ngā wā e taka ake ana, ka taea e ia kia puta ai ngā mata o te tātai, e ai ki reira ngā mata. Ko te ahurea matua o ngā tātai pūtaiao ora nā, ko te tautoko aroha mea kia tohatoha ai te wa kore.
Ko te kohu me te whakauru o te wai ko ēnei hoki e pa ana ki te mahi pai o ngā tātai pūtaiao ora.Ngā Tohu o te Kohu me te Mate Wai1. te whakapā kei te microbending me te macrobending, ko te whakatōmuri i te āhuatanga o te tīrahangatanga e whai kaha ai te hokihoki pūmanawa ki te whakarerekē i te paewhānui o te tātai. Ko te microbending ka taka rawa atu he iti nui noa, engari ka taea e ia te whakarewarewa i te whanunga i te wā, ahakoa te macrobending kei te nui ake te whara hanga me te taea e ia te whakamutu katoa i te maha. Ko te weka o te wai, i te kotahi rānei, ka whakawātea e ia te tātai ki te whakaiti i te pūmanawa rānei ko te hononga kore i waenganui. Ko te weka o te wai kei te whakaaeae mai ana ki tana taumata korosive ki te tātai matua me te whakatuwhera, ka mutu e whai kaha ai te whakamoe i te mua ki te kore o ngā momo tirohanga tika. Nā reira, ko te tirohanga me te tirotironga atawhai ko te mea nui hei kite me te whakangū kē o ēnei take.
pātengi kōrero
2. Mehea ngā momo tāpiri katoa mō te tirohia i ngā take i roto i ngā tātai pūmanawa?
3. Ko ngā momo tāpiri katoa e whai ake nei ko te tirohanga mata ki te whanui whakawātea, te whakamahi i te Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR) mō te tāpiri take toitū, me te whakamāharahara tāruarua me te tākaro pūmanawa hei kite i te hokihoki pūmanawa.
He aha te hē o te OTDR mō te whakahaere tāwāhi pūmau?
Ko te OTDR katoa te mea nui nō te me te tuku āhuatanga matihiko ki runga i ngā mata o waenga roa, e awhina ana i ngā tohunga ki te whakaatu i te wāhi taumata o ngā hapa me te mārama i te paoro me te mahi o te tāwāhi.
Nō reira, ko ngā momo hiahi ahatia e hiahi ai ngā tāwāhi?
Ko ngā hiahi tāwāhi kei roto i ngā raraunga ā-tirohanga me ngā mikroskōpia, ka whakamahi mai hei kite i ngā hapa iti nei i ngā hononga me ngā tuhipoka e taea ai te whakarerekē i te ture o te rongoānui.